My Linux Book

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Copyright

Why again an other Linux Book

About myself

Some terms

TUX

root

Daemon

Zombie

N00b

Gnu

SoHo

CamelCase

Foo bar and foobar

rc and init.d

shebang

Help

Using the manual pages

Man pages on the web

Info pages

Using documentation from the packages

Writing your own man pages

2. Working in the Console

The Console

Console login

Terminals

Screen Manager

Working with bash

Special characters

Wild cards

Strings in Bash

Calculations

Command substitution

Bash scripts

Bash processes

Bash variables

The [ program

Bracket overview

Debug bash scripts

Bash configuration

Working with Windows

Commands

Midnight commander

Text Web browser Links

cat

cd

cp

cut

dd

find

grep

ls

more or less

mv

rm and rmdir

strings

tail

time

uname

watch

Sed

Filtering certain lines

Sed Commands

Sed Options

Regular expressions

Character description

Examples

Ranges of characters

Localization

3. System

Character encoding

ASCII

ASCII Table

UTF-8

beep

Hexadecimal

Booting

BIOS

BIOS update

UEFI

Secure Boot

Bootloader

Booting the Kernel

SysVinit

systemd

Start up messages

Linux 32 bit and 64 bit

Loading Libraries

Processes

Interprocess Communication IPC

Kernel

Hardware compatibility

Having the hardware and looking for drivers

Hints about kernel compiling

Kernel compilation

Kernel internals

Kernel modules

loading modules

Working with the modules

Firmware

D-Bus

Devicekit

udisks

Log files

Config files

Files that will be customized

Files usually not to be customized

CPU

Memory

Endians

Memory usage

Swap

Memory Management Unit (MMU)

System Time

UTC

NTP

RTC chip on the motherboard

Gateways and Routers

Cron

Vixie-cron

Other crons

Frontends

Clone a system

Turn off a Linux computer

Posix

Install Packages

Redhat/Suse

Debian

Gentoo

Flatpack

From Source

4. Hardware

Graphic Cards

Nvidia

ATI Graphics Cards Radeon

Monitors

ddccontrol

read-edid

Keyboard

Mouse

Joystick

Hardware Random Number Generator

Fingerprint sensor

Parallel Port

PCI

Power

ACPI

Batteries

Frequency scaling of the CPU

Hard disks

Impact of the software

5. Graphical User Interface

X Server

Install the X server under Gentoo Linux

The configuration files

Wayland

weston

sway

Desktop environments

LXQT

Xfce

KDE

Gnome

LXDE

Window Managers

Openbox customization

Compiz

Display Manager

Start, stop and login

Slim

Lightdm

SDDM

LXDM

Gui Terminals

Desktop files

Font

Setting up fonts

Asian fonts

Font warnings in Xorg.log

Screen capture

Screensaver and Screen blanking

Running a GUI application on an other computer

X11 forwarding

xdg utils

QT

6. Authentication

Ownership

User account

User definition

Group definition

Resetting Linux Passwords

Resetting Windows Passwords

Working with different computers

Commands and behavior

Backup files

Administrator

Sudo

Switching users

Login

PAM

PAM applications

PAM modules

PAM configuration files

How it fits together

PAM Examples

Password Hash

Gnupg

Keys

Key servers

Getting public keys

Produce your keys

Modifying keys

Cryptographic signature

Encryption and decryption

Gui tools

Gpg Agent

Network Information Service

7. Filesystem

FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standardization)

Permissions

Linux file systems

Copy filesystems

ISO file systems

Rock Ridge and Joilet

Mount a ISO image

Write ISO file system to a memory device

Microsoft File Systems

FAT

NTFS

Fix permissions

Encrypted File Systems

Encfs

Other encryption methods

Network filesystems

NFS

Links

Symbolic links

Hard links

Pipes and FIFO

Device files

mount and umount

bind mount

fstab

AutoFS

Mount removable media

Autorun

udev

udev rules

Advanced udev rules

Proc

Sys

Hard disk

DMA (Direct Memory Access)

Partitions

Defragmemt

Test programs

SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology)

CD and DVD

RAM disks

Floppy disks

Format

Mount

Floppy image files

Files containing file systems

Putting file systems onto SDcards

Checksum

MD5 Message-Digest algorithm 5

SHA-1 and SHA-2

MD160

Integrity of CD/DVD's

File indexing

Duplicate files

File Differences

Logical Volume Manager

Device Mapper

Filelight

Zip files

atool

bzip2

gzip and gunzip

tar

unrar

Zcat

Zip

Unison

Unison on the command line

Unison with Microsoft file systems

8. Networking

Base64

Ethernet

Network Interface names

TCPIP

TCP/IP packets

Setting up the TCP/IP connection

IP addresses and DHCP

DNS

Dynamic DNS

OpenNIC

DNS name server

Network tools

curl

Networkmanager

Wicd

nftables

Routing

Server configuration

Sockets

URL and URI

Wireless

Device drivers

Wireless implementation under Linux

Tools to work with wireless connections

regulatory db

Telnet

Telnet client

Telnet server

SSL TLS

Symmetric encryption

Asymmetric encryption

Encryption

Authentication and TLS

SSH

SSH keys

SSH Server

SSH Client

SSH troubles

SSH and Windows

VPN

Wireguard

FTP

FTP servers

FTP clients

Rsync

Rsync in the console

Rsync daemon

Mail

Mail User Agent (MUA)

Mail Delivery Agent (MDA)

Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

mailutils with postfix

mailx

ssmtp

Simple mail programs

MIME

Instant Messenger

Internet relay chat

RSS

eD2k

Webserver

Apache

Lighttp

Ngnix

Web Statistics

Copy a webservers content

LAMP

PHP

CGI

FCGI and SCGI

Wsgi

SSI

Ajax

Access counters

htdig

Wireshark

Xinetd

Samba

Samba users

Samba Linux clients

Samba Windows clients

WebDAV

USB

Installing USB

USB protocol

Descriptors

9. Office

Documents

Pdf

Emacs

LibreOffice

Latex

Lyx

Wiki

Dokuwiki

Contacts

Calculators

Printer

Line printer

Cups

PDF printers

Printing from the command line

Printer troubleshooting

CUPS Errors

Spell Checkers

SQL

SQLite

MySQL

Korganizer

10. Graphics

Dot

Gnuplot

Imagemagick

Gimp

Daily work with Gimp

Animated Gifs with Gimp

Icons with Gimp

Image maps for web pages

Troubles

Inkscape

Synfig 2D animation

Modeling 3D

File formats 3D

OpenScad

Splitting into different files

OpenScad libraries

OpenScad Hints

Extruding 2D to 3D

Variables

Customizer

Animation

Blender

The Blender windows

Video sequence editor

Node Editor

Movie clip editor

Coordinate system

Blender game engine

Simulate physics

Scripting Blender

Povray

CAD

qcad

Freemat

Scanner

Sane Backend

Sane Frontend

OCR

tesseract and gImageReader

ocrad

gocr

Sphere cameras

11. XML

Introduction to XML

XML tags

Adding special characters to xml

XML Namespaces

Doctype

DTD

XML Schema

RELAX NG

Working with XML

XmlStarlet

xmldiff

Html-xml-utils

XML2

Validate xml

Docbook

Docbook syntax

Docbook editing

Converting Docbook via Sgml utils

Converting Docbook via XSLT

XML as HTML evolution

XHTML

MathML

Xpath

Absolute path

Relative path

Wildchards

Publishing XML Documents

XSL processing

Debugging XSLT

XSL Stylesheets

Formatting Object

Jade

Cleanup XML

Other tools

Checks for having user friendly documents

Stylesheets

Cascading Style Sheets

DSSSL

Processing Instructions

Processing XML in Python

ElementTree

lxml

SOAP

XML alternatives

JSON

YAML

World Wide Web

Browser

HTTP

HTML

Making html nicer

The meta tags

Working with HTML

Web analyzing tools

Making money with the web site

Search robots

Privacy

Cookie

12. Multimedia

Image formats

PPM

GIF

JPEG

SVG

Sound formats

ALSA

Setting up ALSA

ALSA Mixer

Command line sound tools

Capture audio

Gui sound tools

Sound server

pipewire

Pulseaudio

Audio CD

Internet radio

Speech

Festival

mbrola

Speech device

KDE speech tools

Speech to mp3

Music synthesizer

MIDI

Sound Hardware

Video

Container formats

Video codecs

Video tools

avinfo

kdenlive

Openshot

kino

Compression techniques

Setting up the hardware

Video compression

Video DVD

Rip a video DVD

Bluray

Camera

Webcam

QuickCam 3000 Pro

Thyphoon EasyCam

Webcam applications

IR cameras

motion

Digital TV

Hauppauge WinTV Nova T USB

Configuring digital terrestrial tv

Measuring signal

Record compressed video

DVB-T Antennas

Analog TV

No auto detected TV cards

Analog cards

TV Applications

EPG

Nxtvepg

XMLTV

Frontends for XMLTV

Internet TV

Media player

Mplayer

mpv

kaffeine

Xine

Gstreamer

VLC

Media Server

Gerbera

minidlna

UPnP clients

Kodi

13. Outdoor and fun

Mobile phones

G2

G3

G4

Connections using xG phones

Bluetooth

Bluetooth headsets

Bluetooth connection to the phone

Gnome bluetooth

Kdebluetooth

Other bluetooth software

GPS

GPS devices

GPS daemon gpsd

Maps

Gpsbabel

Navit

gpsdrive

Google earth

QR codes

Vcard

Anki Flash Cards

eBook

EPUB

Sigil

Calibre

fbreader

Ebook-tools

Games

Privateer

Gog

14. Gentoo Linux

Gentoo fundamentals

Installing Gentoo

Some rules when working with Gentoo Linux

The world file

System packages

The package data base

Emerge

Elogs

Virtual packages

Slotted packages

Package sets

Finding what has been installed

Portage

Portage tools

Use flags

eselect

Licenses

Mirrors

Profiles

CHOST

Handling of Config Files

etc-update

dispatch-conf

cfg-update

Overlays

Repositories

Local overlay directories

Layman

Overlays in GitHub

Eix search in not installed overlays

Ebuilds

Ebuilds in Portage

Working with different version of an ebuild

Creating an ebuild

Installing ebuilds

Install an ebuild using the command ebuild

Debugging emerge and ebuilds

Record of the installation

GLSA

Gentoo internals

List of repetitive tasks

Keep computer updated

Cleanup tasks

Backup data

Check disk space

Checking dependencies

Check unused useflags

Advanced checks

Check log files

Check the disk health

Check dangling symlinks

Check init scripts

Check old files

Check user accounts

Clean user account

Using Portage tools

Troubleshoot

Program crashes or does not start

Boot errors

Emerge update failures

Emerge wants to emerge stuff that you don't want

Emerging groups of ebuilds

No keyboard and mouse in X after update

Problems after gcc update

Python version conflicts

No Internet connection after update

Dependency troubles

Having done stupid things

15. Programming

gcc

C programming

The hello wold program

Hello world split in two files

Interacting with the parent process

Integrated development Environments (IDE)

Makefiles and make

Debugging

Execution from the text console

Libraries

Clang

Python

Python2 and Python3

How python finds its packages

Python documentation

Python IDEs

Embedded python debugging

Python Programming

Installing python packages

Documenting Python

Testing Python code

Python in virtual environments

Python on Gentoo Linux

Python on Windows

Distribute python code

Accessing C code

Python byte code

Java

Java hello world program

Java hello world applet

Netbeans

A deeper look inside java

Javascript

JQuery

TypeScript

Node.js

php

Pascal

Free Pascal

Gnu Pascal

Eclipse Pascal

Debugging Pascal

TCL TK

Csharp

Basic

Perl

Ruby

slibvga

Matlab

Scilab

Octave

Beautifiers

Patches

Creating a patch

Applying a patch

Sphinx

Doxygen

Doxygen with python

Create the documentation

Doxygen Syntax

Graphic support

Build tools

Autotools

Scons

cmake

pkg-config

Waf

Code analysis tools

Version control

Git

CVS (Concurrent Version System)

Other version control systems

Eclipse

Installing eclipse

Installing eclipse plug-ins

Working with eclipse

Eclipse internals

Plugin development

16. Emulation

DOS

DosBox

DosEmu

FreeDOS

Old software

VirtualBox

Guest additions

Run a ISO CD image

Shared folders

USB devices

Using Serial Port

Running FreeDos

Audio

Snapshots

Import and export VM

Disk Partitions

Mounting Virtual Harddisks

Virtual Box Networking

Docker

Bochs

Wine the Microsoft Windows API for Linux

HP41 Calculator

Remove applications